The signs and symptoms of gender-based violence can vary depending on the type and severity of the violence. Here are some common signs and symptoms:

1. Physical signs: Unexplained injuries, bruises, broken bones, burns, frequent visits to healthcare providers, visible signs of sexual assault.

2. Emotional and psychological signs: Anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, mood swings, changes in behavior, withdrawal from social activities, increased fear or suspicion, suicidal thoughts or attempts.

3. Sexual and reproductive signs: Genital injuries, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unwanted pregnancies, miscarriages, difficulty in sexual and reproductive health, forced abortions.

4. Behavioral signs: Changes in sleep patterns, appetite, and hygiene, substance abuse, self-harm, suicidal behaviors, engaging in risky behaviors, isolation from friends and family.

5. Psychological signs: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms such as flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, hypervigilance, avoidance of triggers, dissociation, memory loss.

6. Social signs: Isolation or withdrawal from social activities, loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities, changes in relationships with family and friends, impaired ability to trust others, difficulty in maintaining employment or education.

7. Financial signs: Control of finances by the abuser, economic abuse, restriction on employment or education opportunities, forced dependence on the abuser.

8. Cultural and social signs: Forced marriages, honor-based violence, female genital mutilation, child marriage, dowry-related violence, restrictive cultural practices.

It is important to note that not all individuals will display all these signs, and the presence of these symptoms does not necessarily mean that someone is experiencing gender-based violence. If you suspect someone is a victim of gender-based violence, it is crucial to approach the situation sensitively and provide support. Encouraging them to seek help from professionals or helplines is essential.

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